Files
decky-vaultwarden/crypto.py
T

403 lines
15 KiB
Python

"""
Bitwarden/Vaultwarden cryptography implementation.
Handles KDF (PBKDF2, Argon2), AES-CBC-256, HMAC, HKDF, and vault decryption.
"""
import hashlib
import hmac
import logging
import os
import struct
from base64 import b64decode, b64encode
from typing import Optional, Tuple
_debug_log = "/tmp/decky-vaultwarden-debug.log"
def _debug(msg: str):
import datetime
ts = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()
try:
with open(_debug_log, "a") as f:
f.write(f"[{ts}] {msg}\n")
f.flush()
except Exception:
pass
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, padding
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
# Bitwarden-specific constants
ENCRYPTION_KEY_LENGTH = 32 # 256 bits
MAC_KEY_LENGTH = 32
HKDF_INFO_ENC = b"enc"
HKDF_INFO_MAC = b"mac"
# Cipher type markers (ST arrays in Bitwarden)
CIPHER_TYPE_AES_CBC_256_B64 = "2."
CIPHER_TYPE_AES_CBC_256_HMAC_B64 = "3."
CIPHER_TYPE_RSA_2048_OAEP_SHA256 = "4."
class BitwardenCrypto:
"""Core cryptographic operations for Bitwarden vault decryption."""
def __init__(self):
self.backend = default_backend()
def derive_master_key_pbkdf2(
self, password: str, email: str, iterations: int
) -> bytes:
"""Derive master key using PBKDF2-SHA256."""
salt = email.lower().strip().encode("utf-8")
kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
length=ENCRYPTION_KEY_LENGTH,
salt=salt,
iterations=iterations,
backend=self.backend,
)
return kdf.derive(password.encode("utf-8"))
def derive_master_key_argon2(
self,
password: str,
email: str,
iterations: int,
memory: int,
parallelism: int,
) -> bytes:
"""Derive master key using Argon2id."""
try:
import argon2
salt = email.lower().strip().encode("utf-8")
return argon2.low_level.hash_secret_raw(
secret=password.encode("utf-8"),
salt=salt,
time_cost=iterations,
memory_cost=memory * 1024, # Convert MB to KB
parallelism=parallelism,
hash_len=ENCRYPTION_KEY_LENGTH,
type=argon2.low_level.Type.ID,
)
except ImportError:
raise RuntimeError(
"Argon2 support requires argon2-cffi: pip install argon2-cffi"
)
def stretch_master_key(self, master_key: bytes) -> Tuple[bytes, bytes]:
"""Stretch master key into encryption key + MAC key using HKDF-expand."""
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] stretch_master_key: master_key (first 8 b64)={b64encode(master_key[:8]).decode()}")
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] stretch_master_key: master_key length={len(master_key)}")
# Bitwarden SDK: HKDF-expand(key, info) = HMAC-SHA256(key, info || 0x01)
enc_key = hmac.new(master_key, b"enc\x01", hashlib.sha256).digest()
mac_key = hmac.new(master_key, b"mac\x01", hashlib.sha256).digest()
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] stretch: enc_key (first 8 b64)={b64encode(enc_key[:8]).decode()}")
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] stretch: mac_key (first 8 b64)={b64encode(mac_key[:8]).decode()}")
return enc_key, mac_key
def decrypt_aes_cbc_256(
self, key: bytes, iv: bytes, ciphertext: bytes
) -> bytes:
"""Decrypt data using AES-CBC-256."""
cipher = Cipher(
algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=self.backend
)
decryptor = cipher.decryptor()
padded = decryptor.update(ciphertext) + decryptor.finalize()
# Remove PKCS7 padding
unpadder = padding.PKCS7(128).unpadder()
return unpadder.update(padded) + unpadder.finalize()
def hmac_sha256(self, key: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:
"""Compute HMAC-SHA256."""
return hmac.new(key, data, hashlib.sha256).digest()
def verify_mac(
self, mac_key: bytes, data: bytes, expected_mac: bytes
) -> bool:
"""Verify HMAC-SHA256."""
computed = self.hmac_sha256(mac_key, data)
return hmac.compare_digest(computed, expected_mac)
def decrypt_cipher_string(self, enc_string: str, enc_key: bytes, mac_key: bytes) -> bytes:
"""
Decrypt a Bitwarden CipherString.
Format: TYPE.BASE64(IV) | BASE64(CT) | BASE64(MAC)
or: TYPE.BASE64(IV).BASE64(CT).BASE64(MAC)
"""
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_cipher_string: type={enc_string[:2]}, full={enc_string[:50]}...")
# Determine cipher type
if enc_string.startswith(CIPHER_TYPE_AES_CBC_256_B64):
parts = enc_string[2:].split("|")
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_cipher_string: type 2, parts count={len(parts)}")
if len(parts) == 2:
# Format: TYPE.BASE64(IV)|BASE64(CT)
iv_b64, ct_b64 = parts
iv = b64decode(iv_b64)
ct = b64decode(ct_b64)
return self.decrypt_aes_cbc_256(enc_key, iv, ct)
elif len(parts) == 3:
# Format: TYPE.BASE64(IV)|BASE64(CT)|BASE64(MAC)
iv_b64, ct_b64, mac_b64 = parts
iv = b64decode(iv_b64)
ct = b64decode(ct_b64)
mac = b64decode(mac_b64)
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_cipher_string: verifying MAC...")
computed_mac = self.hmac_sha256(mac_key, iv + ct)
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_cipher_string: computed_mac (b64)={b64encode(computed_mac).decode()}")
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_cipher_string: expected_mac (b64)={mac_b64}")
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_cipher_string: mac_keys_equal={computed_mac == mac}")
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_cipher_string: enc_key (first 8 b64)={b64encode(enc_key[:8]).decode()}")
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_cipher_string: mac_key (first 8 b64)={b64encode(mac_key[:8]).decode()}")
if not self.verify_mac(mac_key, iv + ct, mac):
raise ValueError("MAC verification failed")
return self.decrypt_aes_cbc_256(enc_key, iv, ct)
elif enc_string.startswith(CIPHER_TYPE_AES_CBC_256_HMAC_B64):
parts = enc_string[2:].split("|")
if len(parts) == 3:
iv_b64, ct_b64, mac_b64 = parts
iv = b64decode(iv_b64)
ct = b64decode(ct_b64)
mac = b64decode(mac_b64)
if not self.verify_mac(mac_key, iv + ct, mac):
raise ValueError("MAC verification failed")
return self.decrypt_aes_cbc_256(enc_key, iv, ct)
elif len(parts) == 2:
iv_b64, ct_b64 = parts
iv = b64decode(iv_b64)
ct = b64decode(ct_b64)
return self.decrypt_aes_cbc_256(enc_key, iv, ct)
raise ValueError(f"Unsupported cipher type in: {enc_string[:10]}...")
def decrypt_user_key(
self, encrypted_user_key: str, master_key: bytes
) -> Tuple[bytes, bytes]:
"""
Decrypt the encrypted user key (Key from API response).
Returns (encryption_key, mac_key).
The user key is encrypted with the stretched master key.
"""
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_user_key: encrypted_user_key (first 30)={encrypted_user_key[:30]}...")
stretched_enc, stretched_mac = self.stretch_master_key(master_key)
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_user_key: calling decrypt_cipher_string...")
user_key = self.decrypt_cipher_string(
encrypted_user_key, stretched_enc, stretched_mac
)
_debug(f"[CRYPTO] decrypt_user_key: decrypted user_key length={len(user_key)}")
if len(user_key) == 64:
# Has separate MAC key
return user_key[:32], user_key[32:]
elif len(user_key) == 32:
# No separate MAC key, derive from the key itself
return user_key, user_key
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unexpected user key length: {len(user_key)}")
def decrypt_cipher(
self,
cipher_data: dict,
enc_key: bytes,
mac_key: bytes,
) -> Optional[dict]:
"""Decrypt a single cipher (vault item)."""
try:
# Decrypt name
name = ""
if cipher_data.get("name"):
try:
name = self.decrypt_cipher_string(
cipher_data["name"], enc_key, mac_key
).decode("utf-8")
except Exception:
name = "[encrypted]"
# Decrypt fields based on type
result = {
"id": cipher_data.get("id"),
"type": cipher_data.get("type"),
"name": name,
"folderId": cipher_data.get("folderId"),
"organizationId": cipher_data.get("organizationId"),
"favorite": cipher_data.get("favorite", False),
"revisionDate": cipher_data.get("revisionDate"),
}
cipher_type = cipher_data.get("type")
if cipher_type == 0: # Login
login = cipher_data.get("login", {})
result["login"] = {
"username": self._decrypt_field(
login.get("username"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"password": self._decrypt_field(
login.get("password"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"totp": self._decrypt_field(
login.get("totp"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"uris": [
{
"uri": self._decrypt_field(
u.get("uri"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"match": u.get("match"),
}
for u in login.get("uris", [])
],
}
elif cipher_type == 1: # Secure Note
result["notes"] = self._decrypt_field(
cipher_data.get("notes"), enc_key, mac_key
)
elif cipher_type == 2: # Card
card = cipher_data.get("card", {})
result["card"] = {
"cardholderName": self._decrypt_field(
card.get("cardholderName"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"brand": self._decrypt_field(
card.get("brand"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"number": self._decrypt_field(
card.get("number"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"expMonth": self._decrypt_field(
card.get("expMonth"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"expYear": self._decrypt_field(
card.get("expYear"), enc_key, mac_key
),
}
elif cipher_type == 3: # Identity
identity = cipher_data.get("identity", {})
result["identity"] = {
"firstName": self._decrypt_field(
identity.get("firstName"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"lastName": self._decrypt_field(
identity.get("lastName"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"email": self._decrypt_field(
identity.get("email"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"phone": self._decrypt_field(
identity.get("phone"), enc_key, mac_key
),
}
# Decrypt custom fields
fields = []
for field in cipher_data.get("fields", []):
fields.append({
"name": self._decrypt_field(
field.get("name"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"value": self._decrypt_field(
field.get("value"), enc_key, mac_key
),
"type": field.get("type"),
"hidden": field.get("hidden", False),
})
result["fields"] = fields
# Decrypt notes (only for non-Note types, Notes already handled above)
if cipher_data.get("notes") and cipher_type != 1:
result["notes"] = self._decrypt_field(
cipher_data.get("notes"), enc_key, mac_key
)
return result
except Exception as e:
# Return partial result with error info
return {
"id": cipher_data.get("id"),
"type": cipher_data.get("type"),
"name": f"[decryption error: {str(e)}]",
"error": True,
}
def _decrypt_field(
self,
value: Optional[str],
enc_key: bytes,
mac_key: bytes,
) -> Optional[str]:
"""Decrypt a single field value."""
if not value:
return None
try:
decrypted = self.decrypt_cipher_string(value, enc_key, mac_key)
return decrypted.decode("utf-8")
except Exception:
return "[encrypted]"
# PIN-related crypto
class PinCrypto:
"""Handles PIN-based vault unlock (PasswordProtectedKeyEnvelope)."""
def __init__(self):
self.crypto = BitwardenCrypto()
def derive_pin_key(
self, pin: str, salt: str, kdf_iterations: int = 200000
) -> bytes:
"""Derive a key from the PIN using PBKDF2."""
kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
length=ENCRYPTION_KEY_LENGTH,
salt=salt.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(salt, str) else salt,
iterations=kdf_iterations,
backend=default_backend(),
)
return kdf.derive(pin.encode("utf-8"))
def encrypt_user_key_for_pin(
self, user_key: bytes, pin_key: bytes
) -> Tuple[bytes, bytes]:
"""Encrypt the user key with the PIN-derived key. Returns (encrypted_key, iv)."""
iv = os.urandom(16)
cipher = Cipher(
algorithms.AES(pin_key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend()
)
encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
# Pad user key with PKCS7
padder = padding.PKCS7(128).padder()
padded = padder.update(user_key) + padder.finalize()
encrypted = encryptor.update(padded) + encryptor.finalize()
# Compute HMAC
mac = self.crypto.hmac_sha256(pin_key, iv + encrypted)
return iv + encrypted + mac, iv
def decrypt_user_key_with_pin(
self, encrypted_envelope: bytes, pin_key: bytes
) -> bytes:
"""Decrypt the user key using the PIN-derived key."""
# Envelope format: IV (16) + EncryptedData (32) + MAC (32)
if len(encrypted_envelope) < 80:
raise ValueError("Invalid PIN envelope length")
iv = encrypted_envelope[:16]
mac = encrypted_envelope[-32:]
ct = encrypted_envelope[16:-32]
# Verify HMAC
if not self.crypto.verify_mac(pin_key, iv + ct, mac):
raise ValueError("PIN MAC verification failed")
return self.crypto.decrypt_aes_cbc_256(pin_key, iv, ct)